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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: chemicals consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle allow the recognition of alien species.148149 Each colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is due to genetic and environmental elements such as the termites' diet and the composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites constantly avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, some soldiers obstruct tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they might deliberately rupture themselves as an act of defence.153 In cases where the intrusion is coming out of a violation which is bigger than the soldier's mind, defence requires a special formations where soldiers shape a phalanx-like formation around the violation and bite at intruders.154 When an invasion completed by Megaponera analis is powerful, an entire colony could be ruined, even though this scenario is infrequent.154.

To termites, any violation of the tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential violation, the soldiers normally bang their minds, apparently to entice different troops for defence and also to recruit additional employees to fix any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite lumps into other termites that induces them to become alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which is also a way to recruit additional workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that have the capability to exude noxious fluids via a horn-like frontal projection they use for defence.155 Nasutes have lost their mandibles through the course of evolution and must be fed by workers.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids that nasutes secrete.156 Likewise, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests.157.

Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of their cuticles. The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland gets very sticky on contact with the atmosphere, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a block that denies entry to any attacker.161.

Employees use many different approaches to take care of their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse altogether.162163164 To prevent pathogens, click here for more termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries away a corpse in the colony to eliminate it elsewhere.165 Which approach is used depends on the nature of the corpse a employee is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown chunks, known as"termite balls", seldom kill the eggsand in certain cases the employees tend to them.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behaviour exists https://innovativepestcontroladelaide.com.au/ between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain particular species within Reticulitermes.

This chemical mimicry makes it possible for the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes allows the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Several species of ant are known to catch termites to use as check this site out a brand new food origin later on, rather than killing them. By way of example, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who try to escape are instantly seized and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species move in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis attack the exterior of mounds and Dorylinae ants attack underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both occupied and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is due to the termites' frequent occurrence in their own geographic range; another is to shield themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than a predatory one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites reside inside active ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.